Process of making or forming types having curved faces.



L. A. DISS. PROCESS OF MAKING OR FORMING TYPES HAVING GURVED PAGES. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 23, 1907. RENEWED NOV. 11, 1909.

1,092,475, I Patented Apr. 7, 191i 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

\A/ITNE5EE5= |NVENTE|R= wJJb-M I 145 ATTORNEY COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH c0, WASHINGTON. n. c.

a L. A. DISS. PROCESS OF MAKING OR FORMING TYPES HAVING GURVBD PAGES.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 23, 1907. RENEWED NOV. 11, 1909- 1,O92,4;75. Patented Apr. 7, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2f WITNESSES: I NVENTEIR= F-ll'i ATTDRNEY COLUMBIA PLANQORAPH C0..wAsHlNflToN. D. C.

L. A. DISS. PROCESS OF MAKING 0R FORMING TYPES HAVING OURVBD PAGES.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 2a, 1907. RENEWED NOV. 11 1909.

1,092,475, Patented Apr. 7, 19m

4 SHEETS-.-SHEET 3.

'\/\/lTNEE|-EEE|= Q INVENTEIR:

l-IIS A T TElRNEY copmau PLANOGRAPH c0., WASHINGTON n c L. A. mss. PROCESS OF MAKING 0R FORMING TYPES HAVING OURVED PAGES.

7 APPLICATION FILED DEC. 23,' 1907. RENEWED NOV. 11, 1909. I 1,092,475. Patented Apr. 7, 191 i 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

INVENTEIR:

'I-IIE ATTORNEY WITNEQEE= 52%. m

COLUMBIA PMNDCIRAPH $0.. WASHINGTON, D. C.

LOUIS A. DISS, OF ILION, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO REM- INGTON TYPEWRITER COMPANY, OF ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PROCESS OF MAKING OR FORMING TYPES HAVING GURVED FACES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. "i, 1914.

Original application filed June 14, 1898, Serial No. 682,542. Divided and this application filed December 23, 1907, Serial No. 407,850. Renewed November 11, 1909. Serial No. 527,573.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS A. Diss, a citizen of the-United States, and resident of Ilion, in the county of I-Ierkimer and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Process of Making or Forming Types Having Curved Faces, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates primarily to a process of making or forming type to be used in typewriting machines.

In one class of typewriting machines, a cylindrical platen is employed and the faces of the type are made to fit this cylindrical surface; that is, the faces of the type are in surfaces of single curvature, just as the surface of a cylinder is of single curvature. In another make of typewriting machines, the platen is polygonal and the faces of the type are flat or plane to fit the plane faces of the prism. The type for these classes of typewriting machines are commonly formed on a block of steel provided with a tapering shank. In some cases, the said block is pro vided with two (or more) type or characters, as upper and lower case letters.- These type may be made by dropping or pressing, or by rolling. When the type are made by dropping or pressing, the dies or matrices must have the form (inverted) of the finished type; and the said dies, when they are to be used in the rolling process, must have their parts, which correspond to or form the faces of the type, in the surface of a sphere or outer surface of a cylindrical ring. The foregoing remarks apply only 1n the case where the faces of the type lie in the surface of a cylinder. If the planefaced type are to be made by dropping or pressing, the dies have their faces in planes; and if the type are to be made by rolling, then the dies must have their faces which make or form the faces of the type in the surface of a cylinder.

Types for typewriting machines are made of iron or steel, and must therefore be produced from hardened steel matrices or dies. Heretofore such dies have been made by forcing master types into soft steel and hardening the latter after the impression is made. This process is open to two objections, the first of which arises from the necessity of hardening the master type after it is shaped, since in hardening the type is somewhat deformed. The second objection arises from the necessity of forcing the master types int-o soft steel and of subsequently hardening the latter, since the matrix is strained by the compression and the strain is removed by the subsequent heating, so that the impressions are disturbed. Thus from two independent causes deformities exist in matrice formed by the usual process. Both of these objections are overcome by my invention by forming a type matrix by a cutting process, since practically no deformation of the characters occurs in hardening a cut matrix.

The objects of this invention are to provide an efficient process whereby the types for typewriting machines may be manufactured.

This application is a division of my application Serial No. 682,542, filed June letth, 1898, patented June 1st, 1909, Patent No. 923,252, in which parent application the matrix cutting machine shown in the present case is claimed.

Apparatus for carrying out the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification in which,

Figure lis a plan view -of a machine adapted for cutting dies of double curvature. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, from the left of the machine shown in Fig. 1, some of the parts being broken away and others shown in section, to more clearly exhibit the invention. Fig. 3 is a face view of a matrix or die cut on the machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a side view of said matrix, partly in section on the line w00 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an end view of the same, partly in section on the line 3 of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 comprises side and plan views of a pattern or guide plate. Fig. 7 is a plan view of a vise or matrix blank holder. Fig. 8 comprises two views of removable vise jaw and attached parts. Fig. 9 comprises face and side views each on the same enlarged scale of a double-case type and its shank. Fig. 10 is a side elevation showing a rack-driven die holder with the set of dies, having the matrices omitted, and a type-holder with the double-case type therein, the whole being on an enlarged scale. Fig. 11. is a plan view on a like scale of the parts shown in Fig. 10.

' been inserted in the bore 8 from the rear end.

Fig. '12 comprises side and end views on the scale of Figs. 10 and 11, of one of the dies.

The same part, in the various views, will be found to be designated by the same numeral of reference.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the reference 1 indicates a hollow standard or casting provided with platform 2 at the top thereof. 3 indicates a head or standard cast in one with a horizontal bed or plate 4 which is bolted to the platform by screws 5, which pass through the plate 4 and engage threaded holes in the platform 2. The head 3 is provided with a pair of bearings 6 and 7 disposed one over the other. The plate 4 is bored horizontally at 8 to provide a bearing for a rock-shaft 9, which is formed or provided at one end with a cross head 10, and the latter at its ends is provided with curved arms 11 and 12. The arms 11 and 12 are bored to provide bearings for a shaft or pivot pin 15. After the rock-shaft 9 has thereof, it is secured against endwise motion by means of a collar 16 and a pin or shaft 17 which passes through transverse perforations in the collar and in the shaft. The pin or shaft 17 is of a length sutlicient to proj ect beyond bosses 20 at each side of the collar 16, to provide bearingsfor the forked end 21 of an actuating lever or stylus car rier 2 2. The prongs 21 are-provided with perforations in line with each other-to fit over the ends'of the pin or shaft 17, and the prongs, the collar, and the rock-shaft are secured together by means of screws 24 and washers 25, the said screws entering threaded holes in the ends of the pivot or shaft 17.

The die-blank-holder 27 consists of a block bored transversely to receive the pivot or shaft 15, above referred to, and by which it is held between the arms or forks 11, 12, of the rock-shaft 9. The vise block or dieblank-holder 27 is made less in width than the distance separating the said arms 11 and 12, for a purpose presently to appear. The top of the vise is formed with two extensions 29 and 30 to provide a seat or bearing for the reception of the removable jaws 31 and 32. The jaw 31 is L-shaped to fit the angle between the extension 29 and the horizontal top of the block 27. The inner vertical surface of the jaw 31 makes an obtuse angle with the top of the horizontal part of the jaw 31 for a purpose presently to appear. The jaw 31 is held in position relatively to the block 27 by means of two screws 31 The jaw 31 is providedwith a couple of pins or projections 33 on its vertical arm, and it is also provided with a dieblank-catch 34 carried by an angle lever 34 pivoted thereto at 35 on the vertical part thereof and with a spring 36 secured to the horizontal part thereof, and pressing the lever 34 upwardly against a stop-pin 37.

horizontal portion of the jaw 31. The opposing or die-blank clamping surfaces of the jaws 31, 32, are thus adapted to co-act with tapering or segment-sha-ped die-blanks 40 to securely hold the same when the jaws are forced towardeach other by means of a screw 41, which engages with a screw-threaded perforation in the extension 30 and bears against the back surface of the jaw 32, as shown in Fig. 2.; Each die-blank 40 is provided with anotch or shoulder 42 for the reception of the catch 34 hereinbefore referred to. The die-blanks 40 are placed in position between. thejaws of the vise by pressing down the lever 34 thus moving the catch 34 out of the way and then inserting the blank between the pins 33 and the catch, with one end of the blank bearing against the pins, after which the lever 34 is released to allow the nose or catch to snap into the notch 42; The jaw 32, which has pre-' viously been loosened is now tightened up by the screw 41 and the die-blank is thus firmly held between the jaws in all directions.

The mechanism by which the vise is moved will be described next in detail. 7

The shaft 15, above referred to, serves to" of the yoke 43 are forkedtsee Fig. 1) and the prongs of these forks are perforated or drilled to receive the ends of a forked-link 51. Said ends are perforated to correspond with the holes inthe forked ends 48 and are secured to the said forked ends by means of pins 53, which fit in said holes, At its other end, the said forked-link 51 is connected with the actuating-lever 22 in the following manner :-One of the prongs 21 of the lever 22 is provided with an extension 54 which overhangs the said prong inwardly as shown in Fig. 1. This extension 54 is provided with a rectangular slot 55 parallel with the axis 17 of the lever 22. The figure proportioning sleeve 56 is rectangular in cross section and fits the slot 55 widthwise and is slidable lengthwise thereof or up and down in said slot. At one end, the sleeve 56 is provided with shoulders 57 which co-act with the end-surface of the extension 54 to prevent the sleeve frompassing through the slot, and the other end of the sleeve 56 is reduced and provided with an external screw-thread. The sleeve 56 is bored longitudinally and this bore is parallel with the axis 17 when the sleeve is in proper position in the slot 55. The distance from the shoulders 57 to the end of the sleeve where the reduced screw-threaded portion joins it, is equal to or is slightly less than the length of the extension 5%; the nut 61 on the thread 59 and Washer 62 lock or hold the sleeve 56 in any position in the slot 55 to which it may be adjusted. A pin 63 provided with a head or finger piece 64 fits closely within the hole of the sleeve 56 and is of a length sufficient to project beyond the same, as shown in Fig. 1. The projecting end of said pin 63 provides a pivot for the end 65 of the forkedlink 51, said link being perforated to fit upon said pin. By the described means, the motion of the lever 22 about the axis 17 is communicated to the yoke 13. The means by which the yoke 13 communicates this motion to the vise and so moves it about or with the axis 15 will now be described.

The vise-block 27 is provided with two arms 67 and 68 projecting downwardly therefrom at opposite sides of the yoke 43; the arms 67 and 68 are provided with screwthreaded perforations and with adjusting screws 69 and 70 engaging said perforations and adapted to hear at their ends against opposite sides of the yoke 43, as shown in Fig. 2. Jam-nuts 71 and 72 upon the screws 69 and 7 O are also provided. The screws 69 and 70 serve to adjust or vary the position of the vise-block 27 and dieblank 10 relatively to the yoke 13 and to the cutter and to secure these parts in such adjusted positions. These screws also serve in conjunction with the said yoke to secure the vise in any position along the shaft or axis 15 to which it may be adjusted.

The actuating-lever 22 is shown as being hollow or bored out at 73 to receive a sleeve 74 therein. A set-screw 75 engaging a screwthreaded hole in the lever 22 secures the sleeve 74 against displacement. The sleeve 74 is closed at its upper end 76 and is provided with a slot 77 near its lower end.' 'A tracing-pin 78 fits within the sleeve 74 and is provided with a pin 79, which passes through the slot 77, thus limiting its motion longitudially of the sleeve and providing a handle for lifting it. A helical spring 80 inserted in the sleeve 74 bears against the closed end 76 of the sleeve and the top of the tracingpin, pushing the pin outwardly.

The column or standard 1 is provided with a vertical row of screw-threaded holes 81 at the front thereof, these holes being in a rectangular piece or guide 82 formed integral with or attached to the said column. A slide 83 is provided for coaction with the guide 82, said slide being formed with jaws 84 which embrace the edges of the guide. The

slide 83 is provided with a vertical slot through which passes a fastening screw 86 engaging with the corresponding hole 81 and securing the slide 83 in the position to which it may be adjusted. A washer beneath the head of the screw 86 may be used. A platform 88 projects horizontally from the slide 83 and is provided with three pins 89 arranged to co-act with a side and an end of a rectangular or square guiding plate or pattern carrier 90. The platform is also provided with clamping jaws 91 projecting from bars 92 as shown in Fig. 2. The bars are formed with projections 93 which are provided with screw-threaded perforations parallel with the bar. Glampingscrews 91, engaging the perforations, have their working ends in opposition to the jaws 91. The platform 88 is provided with suitably shaped openings 95 for the insertion of the clamps which are then turned to bring them over the pattern-plate 90,'after which the screws 9 1 are set up to d aw the aws 91 down upon the pattern carrier and hold it firmly in position. In Fig. 6 1 have shown the pattern plate 90 having the letter K formed in its surface by the'pattern groove 90, and in Fig. 1 this same pattern plate and pattern lette are shown in position in the machine. It will be observed from an inspectimi of Fig. 1 that the pattern plate is so positioned in the machine that lines extending from top to bottom of the letter would be formed by the swinging of the work holder about the axis that is nearest the point of the cutter that is to say, in the form of the machine here shown, about the fixed axis.

The mechanism for cutting the die or type will next be considered.

As above stated the head 3 of the frame or casting is provided with two lugs or bearings 6 and 7 arranged one over the other. These bearings are perforated or drilled vertically and the lower bearing 7 is provided with a bushing having a flange 101 at one end thereof and inserted in the bearing 7 from above. The upper bearing 6 is provided with a bushing or sleeve 102. The cutter operating spindle or sleeve 103 fits in and passes through the bushings 100 and 102, and is provided between said bushings with a pulley wheel 10st fast to the spindle 103. The hub of the wheel 104: at one end rests upon the bushing 100 and the bushing 102 rests upon the other end of the said hub. The cutter 105 is at one end of a rod 106, whose opposite end is reduced at 107 the main portion of the rod 106 adjoining the part 107 is screw-threaded at 108. This rod 106 fits within the sleeve or spindle 103 and is provided with an adjustable cutter sus pending nut or device 109 and wlth a sleeve 110 which may he graduated around its periphery. The nut 109 is provided with an 0 end of rod 106 may be secured.

internally threaded longitudinal perforation for engagement with the threaded portion 108 of the rod 106; it is also provided with a knurled surface. At one end the nut 109 is provided with tongues adapted to engage notches in the upper end of the spindle 103 so as to compel the nut to turn with the sleeve but so that the nut and rod 106 may be readily lifted out of. the sleeve when desired. A set screw 115 engages with a threaded hole in the nut 109 and its end bears against the threaded portion 108 of rod 106 to secure the nut 109 in any position to which it may be adjusted on the rod 106. The other end of the nut 109 is reduced in diameter at 116 and is provided with a mark or index extending longitudinally thereof. The graduated sleeve 110 has a knurled cylindrical por tion and a coned end 118 upon which may be suitable graduations or marks, say ten, numbered from 0 to 9 The sleeve 110 is provided with a longitudinal threaded perforation adapted to engage with the threaded portion 108 of the rod 106; it is also counter-bored to receive the cylinder 116. A set screw threaded into the sleeve 110 is adapted to bear at its end against the threaded portion 108, securely attaches the graduated sleeve 110 to the rod 106.

The head 3 is provided with an upright rod 122 fixed thereto, whose upper end 123 is threaded, as shown; a sleeve 12 1 fits loosely over the threaded portion 123 and is provided with a fiat or leaf-spring 125, preferably fast thereto, which is adapted to bear upon the upper end of the rod 106. A couple of nuts 126 and 127, respectively above and below the sleeve 124 allow of the adjustment of the sleeve 124 longitudinally of the screw 123 and secure the sleeve in such adjusted position. By adjusting the sleeve up or down on the rod 122, the desired amount of spring-pressure upon the upper The function of the spring 125 is to force the point of the revolving pointed end-milling tool or cutter 106 down, before the tracing operation begins, as far as the nut 109 will allow, and thereafter to maintain the tool in that position, so that during the tracing operation the point of the tool remains at a fixed and invariable distance from the axis of shaft 9, without attention on the part of the workman. It is understood that the spring is to be made powerful enough to accomplish this purpose. The spring may be swung aside to permit the removal of one cutter and insertion of another, as hereinafter explained, and may then be swung back to working position. d V

The pulley 104, sleeve 103, nut 109, sleeve 110, and rod 106, are rotated by means of a cord or round belt which passes around the pulley 10 1 and the guide pulleys 128 and 129 at the sides of the head 3, the cord coming from over head, and being connected W1th iasuitable source of power.

When it is desired to adjust the cutter 105 closer to or farther from the die-blankholder or the axis 15 of the vise 27, the .spring 125 is swung aside; the set screw 115 in nut 109 is loosened, and the sleeve 110 and rod 106 are rotated together (nut 109 .being held stationary the while) or nut 109 is rotated, the sleeve 110 and rod 106 beingheld stationary the while in the direction which will increase or decrease the distance between the nut 109 and the point of the cutter 105, according as it is desired to lower or to raise the cuttter; as a guide to obtaining accurate adjustments, the graduations upon the cone 118 are, or may be, provided. When the desired. adjustment is obtained the said set screw 115 is tightened up and spring 125is replaced.

The distances through which the point of the cutter 105 is adjusted are, relatively speaking, not large; a complete turn of the rod 106 in either direct-ion probably covering all the adjustments that will be required after nut 109 has once been set. The effect of increasing the distance between the point of the cutter 105 and the axes 15 and 9 is to 'inc'rease the' radii of the working-facesof the dies formed. Conversely, decreasing the distance between the point of the cutter 105 and axis 15 (and axis 9) decreases the radii of the working-faces of the dies cut. The axis of cutter 105 and rod 106, produced, passes through the axes of shaft 9(produced) and shaft 15. V

The nut 109, in conjunction with the sleeve 103, performs several functions; it forms a support or carrier for the rod 106, and with the tongues and notches above referred to forms a clutch for connecting sleeve 103 with rod 106; and the said nut'109 alsoacts as an adjustable stop for rod 106. V

In Figs. 3, 1 and 5, are three views, on

an enlarged scale, of matrices or dies produced by the machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and above described. As above pointed out, the matrices or dies shown in these figures are intended for producing type by the rolling process. It will now be seen that in cutting the die forthe rolling'proc .ess, it is swung on two axes which differ in their distances from the cutter; consequently the type-face of the die will be in the exterior surface of a cylindrical ring, which by the rolling process effects a cylindrical face of thetype; It will also be seen that instead of this face being in the exterior surface of a cylindrical ring it may be spherical which it would necessarily be if the radius of the platen and of the circle in which the type face of the die swings tances from the cutter; that is, they would intersect each other. shown in Fig. 5 is segmental or tapering and the top curved surface thereof formed before the die-cutting is begun, is concentric with the bottom or type-face forming line 130 of the die, and this face is formed or struck, so to say, on the axis of shaft 15 as a center. The curved bottom lines 131 of the dies shown in Figs. 3 and 4E, produce that surface of the type which is to fit the cylindrical surface of the platen and have the same radius as the platen with which the type are to co-act; which radius is equal to the distance from the axis of shaft 9 (produced) to the point of the cutter. Although preferable, it is not essential that the type shall be formed upon a curve having the radius of the platen in connection with which it is to be used, so long as it is so curved as to fit the platen in practice, and enable all portions thereof to bear with substantial evenness upon the platen. By ref erence to Fig. 3 it will be noted that the two letters upon the type are arranged one above another, so that the top 'of the lower letter is next the bottom of the upper letter, the space between the letters depending upon the extent of the shift of the writing machine platen relatively to the type. It is noted that the curves of the two letters on the type, although having equal radii, are eccentric to each other, that they would intersect if produced, and that the curve of each letter extends from top to bottom, or in other words the upright lines of each letter are formed on curves.

Owing to the fact that the point of the cutter 105 is at unequal distances from the axes of shafts 9 and 15, it results that when the die-blank is vibrated about the axis 9, it is cut in the arc of a circle lengthwise of the blank, and when the blank is vibrated about the axis 15 the blank is cut in the arc of a circle crosswise of the blank, or in an are at right angles to the first mentioned cut; but inasmuch as the axis 9 is nearer the point of the cutter, the lengthwise arc is formed on a shorter radius than that of the crosswise are formed on a radius equal to the distance from the point of the cutter to the axis of shaft 15. Thus the blank is cut on arcs of unequal radii considered lengthwise and crosswise of the blank, owing to the fact that the blank is swung on axes at right angles to each other. It will be understood, of course, that the blank may be swung or vibrated simultaneously on both axes to move in any clesired direction and hence enables the cutter 105 to form or produce any desired figure or character, as any letter of the alphabet, numeral, punctuation or other mark, as well as the right angles cross or plus mark shown for illustrative purposes.

it will be seen that I have combined a cutter and a die or work holder, one of said The die-blank 10 parts being arranged to swing on axes at right angles to each other, the relative movements of the cutter and blank holder, whereby the desired predetermined curves are obtained in the depressed or intaglio type face formed in the die, being controlled by said axes. By the above phrase relative movements of the cutter and blank holder, I re fer particularly to the automatic swinging movements about said axes which produce the desired curvature, as distinguished from the manually-controlled or surface movements which determine the outline of the letter. By this construction the matrices are cut uniformly and automatically upon a predetermined double curvature. The operator may manipulate the tracer to vary the outlines of the letters, but not to vary the curvatures upon which the letters are cut.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows :Assuming that it be desired to form a double-case die for the plus mark shown in Fig. 3, the guide or pattern plate 90 is placed upon the platform 88 against the pins 89 and stop 99, and securely clamped in position by means of two or more clamps 91. The pattern is preferably much larger than the corresponding die or die-figures to be formed on the blank 10; and hence the parts of the machine are pro portioned to greatly reduce the die as compared with the pattern. Assuming that it is desired to form the upper or larger die (see Fig. 3) the sleeve 56 is set in say, the position shown in Fig. 2 relatively to the slot 5; also, the die-holder 27 is placed against arm 11 or in the position shown in Fig. 1 and is secured in such position in the 1nanner above described. The die-blank 4:0 is secured in the vise by the screw 411 in the manner above described. The tracing-pin 78, which is movable longitudinally in sleeve 74, is placed in the center of the cross or plus mark, which is formed by a couple of intersecting \l-shaped grooves. The rod 106 is inserted in the spindle 103 and the spring 125 is placed over its upper end, as shown in Fig. 2, thus pressing the cutter 105 down upon the surface of the die-blank. The cutter is next rotated by means of the described mechanism, the pulley 10 1 and spindle 103 together with the bushing 102 being lifted slight-1y, if necessary, for the purpose of causing the before mentioned tongues on the nut 109 to engage with the notches in the upper end of the spindle 108 to rotate the cutter. As soon as the cutter, under the force of spring 125, has cut its way into the die-blank as far as the nut 109 will allow it, the tracing-pin 7 8 is moved by means of the lever 22 along one of the four arms of the pattern, the point of the tracing-pin being kept in the bottom of the V-shaped groove by means of the spring 80,

which moves the pin outwardly longitudinally of the lever 22. Assuming that the lever 22 is moved toward the observer in Fig. 2, the rock-shaft'9 is rotated upon its axis but the lever 22 is not moved upon or about its axis 17; it results from this that the end of the vise nearest the observer (which is the left-hand end of the vise 27 as shown in Fig. 1) swings up and the opposite end swings down; the corresponding groove cut in the die is the lower branch (6 of the upper or larger plus mark shown in Fig. 3. hen the point of the tracingpin 78 has reached the limit of the pattern in the direction in which it has been moved as described, the said tracing-pin 78 is moved back to its starting point, thus bringing the blank back to its first position relatively to cutter 105; and another branch of the cross or plus mark is begun. Let this be the branch opposite the one just formed. In this case, the tracingpin 78 will move away from the observer in Fig. :2, and that end of the viseblock 27 next the observer in Fig. 2, which is the left-hand end of the vise in Fig. 1, will swing down and the other end up by the rotation of the rockshaft 9; the cutter will thereupon form the upper branch Z) of the upper or larger die shown in F ig. 3. After the cut of the said upper branch is complete, the tracing-pin is brought back to the center of the pattern I which, of course, brings the center of the upper die shown in Fig. 3 under the cutter and the formation of the cross groove is begun. Assuming that the tracing-pin 78 is moved to the right in Fig. 2, along the groove of the pattern, there is no rotation of the shaft 9 but the lever 22 is moved upon or about its axis 17, and, through the described connections, it moves the link 51 to the left in Fig. 2; and link 51, through the yoke 4-3, the arms 67 and 68 and the screws 69 and 70, turns the vise-block 27 upon its axis 15, thus causing the die-blank to move to the left in Fig. 2; the cutter 105 forms in this movement, the right-hand or lateral branch 0 of the upper die shown in Fig. 3. Upon the completion of the cutting of this branch of the die, the tracingpin 78 is brought back to the center of the pattern and simultaneously the die-blank is moved to bring the center of the die being formed under the cutter 105. Upon moving the lever 22 to the left in Fig. 2. the tracing pin still being in the groove of the pattern, the link 51 is moved to the right in Fig. 2 and through the described connections swings the die-blank in the same direction; this brings about the formation of the left-hand branch cl of the upper 0 larger die shown in Fig. 3.

The above described operations of the machine assume the use of but one cutter only.

In practice, however, I prefer to use two or more cutters to do a given or total amount of cutting, and to take two or more cuts at the same piece of work, the purpose being, of course, to avoid putting an undue amount of work upon a single tool and also to obtain a fine finish by means of atool doing as little work in the last or finishing operation as is consistent with the fine finish desired. Hence, the first cut, by means of H of the second cutter and be used to give the finishing out. It is understood, of course, that in making each cut 1n the operation of forming a die the tracing-pin 78 and the same fixed pattern are used.

If now it is desired to form the lower or smaller die shown in Fig. 3, it may be done from the same pattern used in forming the upper die or the last named pattern may be replaced by a smaller pattern of the plus mark. In case it is desired to form said smaller plus mark upon the same blank as a larger one, the vise-blocki27 is moved from the position shown in Fig. 1 over against the arm 12 of the rock shaft 9 and there secured. In case a smaller pattern is employed to obtain the smaller die, no adjustment of'the mechanism from the posi- 7 tion shown and described is necessary and the operation is substantially the same as above described. If, however, it is desired to obtain the smaller die from the pattern used in making the larger die shownin Fig. 3, the following adjustments are made The screw 86 is removed and the platform 88 is moved downward a distance such that the excursions to and fro of the tracing-pin 7 8 in-the pattern will be reduced at thesurface of the die-block in the vise to the desired extent, and the screw 86 inserted in a hole opposite the slot 85 and the platform is secured in place. The slot 85 and screw 86 allow of delicate adjustments of the height of the platform to secure the exact reduction desired. Next the set screw 75 is loosened and the sleeve 74: (of the two-part extensible actuatinglever 22, 74') is slid out of the upper part 22 until the tracing-pin 78 with its point at the center of the pattern and resting on the bottom thereof is pushed inward relatively tothe sleeve 74 until pin 7 9 has risen sufliciently far in the slot 77 to permit of free longitudinal-motion of the pin, as the tracer is moved to all parts of the pattern, and the set screw 75 is then tightened up and the machine is ready. The operation of forming the said smaller plus mark is substantially the same as that hereinbefore described in connection with the formation of the larger plus mark shown in Fig. 3, the only difference being that, for the same excursions of the tracer in the pattern, the die-blank makes smaller motions than in the previously described case.

The end milling tool ortapering cutter 105 is three sided and V-shaped or ll-pointed at its lower end; that is, substantially an in verted, equilateral, triangular pyramid, and may come to a fine point or the point may be slightly rounded in order to avoid giving too sharp an edge to the working-faces of the type. The lines of the finished or printing type faces produced from the matrix equal in thickness the diameter of the extreme point of the cutter. Only a skeleton outline of the type is generated in the matrix by the point of the cutter, owing to the use of a grooved skeleton pattern letter and a follower which constantly fits the groove. The letter is cut intaglio in the pattern plate, that is, in the form of a channel or groove, the tracer being positively guided by the groove throughout the entire cutting operation. As will be noticed by reference to Fig. 6, the groove or grooves in the pattern plate are parallel sided andof uniform width throughout.

To provide for the case wherein it may be desired to form dies for type whose height shall be equal but whose widths shall be clifferent and all from one pattern, there is provision made for the increase or the reduction of the motion of the vise and die in one direction without affecting the amount of its movement or motion in the other direction. Thus it may be desired to form a set of dies for the production of a set of type for use in a machine where the movement of the carriage is of an inch for each letter space and it may also be desired to produce a set of dies for making type for use in a machine where the carriage moves a greater or a lesser distance than of an inch for each letter, without, however, making any change in the height of the letters. Provision is made for such variation by means of the sleeve 56 and the slot hereinbefore described. The closer the pin 63 is to the axis 17 of the lever 22, the less is the throw of the vise about its axis 15, while by moving the slide 56 farther from the axis 17, the greater is the throw of the vise-block 27 about its axis 15. The lines of the dies, formed by the cutter when the vise moves about its axis 15, are

character of the die. It will thus be seen that the width of the character may be varied by varying the motion of the vise about its axis 15, without changing the height of the characters.

The method or process of and apparatus for forming type from dies made in the above manner, will next be described, refer ence being had more particularly to Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12 and also to the description of die illustrated in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. A separate machine is used for this purpose, in which an upright shaft 133 has fast thereto a pinion 134, above which is a disk 135 provided with a circular flange 136 of a thickness somewhat less than. the depth of the shoulder 42 on the die-block 40, as measured backwardly from the face thereof having the die. The disk 135 is integral with or attached to a sleeve 137 fitting on the shaft 133; the disk and sleeve are fast on the shaft or to pinion 134. The upper end of the sleeve 137 is threaded at 138 to receive the nut 139. A sleeve 139 is slipped over the spindle or sleeve 137 and the inner concave sides 141 of the die-blocks abut against this sleeve 139. A Washer or clamp-plate 140 is employed in conjunction with the disk 135, flange 136 and sleeve 139 for clamping the dies. The clamp-plate 140 and nut 138 being removed, the die-blocks 40 are assembled on the disk 135 with their shoulders 42 over the flange 136 and their narrowest edges 141 bearing against the sleeve 139, said edges being suitably curved to fit firmly against said sleeve. After the die-blocks are assembled in position, the disk 140 is put on and the nut 138 is screwed down, thus firmly clamping the die-blocks between the disks 135 and 140 in the form of a cylinder or round tube, and the radius of the circle including faces 130, is equal to the distance from the axis of shaft 15 to the point of the cutter. The blanks for the type preferably consist of T- shaped blocks 142 of soft steel. The head 142 of the blank 142 is of prismatic shape, flat or plane on three sides and convex or rounded on the fourth side. The back of the head of the blank is the rounded part, while the face is flat and receives the impress of the die. The shank 143 is round and tapered as usual. The type-blanks are assembled and clamped between two plates or bars 144 and 145; the said bars being provided with vertical seats 146 for the backs of the heads of the blanks and with tapered grooves 147 to rcceive the shanks 143. The ends of the grooves 147 open into grooves 148 extending lengthwise of said bars 144 and 145. The bars 144 and 145 are provided with holes which fit over the dowel pins 149, projecting upwardly from a carriage 150 to which bars 144 and 145. are securely fast. Or the bar 145 is provided with holes to fit dowel pins .149 projecting upwardly from bar 144 which is fast to carriage 150. The carriage 150 is provided with a rectangular groove 151 parallel with the clamp-bars 144 and 145 and with two or more round sockets 152 opening into said groove 151 at the bottom thereof A rack bar 153 lies in the groove 151 and meshes with the pinion 134. Said rack bar 153 may and does move in and out in said groove but it is prevented from having any endwise motion except when moving in unison with the carriage. Springs 154: in the sockets 152 push the rack-bar toward the said pinion 134.

The shaft 133 may be so mounted that it and its attached parts may have limited motion toward and from the carriage 150 which may be fixed against any motion except motion in the direction of the length of the rack 153; or the shaft 133 and its attached parts may be fixed against any but rotary motion and the carriage 150 may be arranged to be moved toward and from the axis of shaft 133 as well as to be moved in the direction of the length of the rack 153; or the carriage 150 may be fixed against any motion and the shaft 133 and its attached parts may be arranged to move back and forth in the direction of the length of the rack bar 153 and may be adjustable toward and from said carriage; or the parts may be moved to secure the desired end in other ing adjusted so that the dies will make but a partial impression on the type-blocks, (in which case the rack 153 is shoved out by the springs 152 and away from the bot-tom of the groove 151) the carriage 150 is moved, in Fig. 10, toward the observer and the diecarrier is simultaneously rotated by the rack 153 and pinion 13 1. The pressure between the carriage and the die-holder embeds the type-blocks in the dies to a certain extent as the parts move. After this operation, which may be repeated by running the carriage back and forth one or more times, the shaft 133 and attached parts, and while the type-blocks are at one side of the dies out of contact therewith, are adjusted or moved a little at right angles to and toward the carriage; the spring pressed rack being movforced deeper into the dies andviceversa. The parts may be again moved closer to each other and the operation be repeated until the type are completed or properly formed by forcing the metal of blocks 142 to the bottoms of the dies. The dies cause the metal of the type-blocks to flow or spread and to fill .all parts of the dies. From this, it results that the curved bottoms 131 of the dies give curved faces 155 to the type, such curved faces being intended for co-action with the cylindrical platen circumferentially thereof. The curved faces 130 of the dies for the cross or plus mark appear as straight lines or planes upon the faces of the cor 'esponding type, such last named faces of the type being intended for co-action with the cylindrical platen longitudinally thereof. Any otherlines are curved or compounded to fit the platen circumferentially and longitudinally.- After the type are removed from their holder, they may be subjected to any desired operations for the purpose of removing burs, hardening them, or otherwise finishing them.

In case die-blanks wider or narrower than those shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are employed, the vise-block 27 may be adjusted accordingly about its axis 15 to bring the point of the cutter to the center of the blank.

In case blanks of a shape different from that shown in Fig. 5 are to be used, the jaw 31 is removed from the vise-block 27 and a jaw shaped to receive the new style of blank is substituted; the jaw 32 may also be replaced by another if necessary.

In my prior Patent No. 923,252, hereinbefo-re referred to, the matrix or die cutting machine is shown and described more in detail than in the present case, the present case containing no claims on said'machine per 86. In said prior patent there is also described a modified form of, die, cutting machine, in which the matrix grooves are curved in only one direction instead of in two directions as in themachine here shown; that is to say, in the modified machine, the matrix grooves are cut with the up-anddown curvature corresponding to the curvature of the platen, but the crosswise cuts are made on straight lines; the bottoms of the matrix grooves lie in cylindrical surfaces, instead of surfaces of double curvature. hen said modified machine is used, the types are not formed by rolling as herein described, but by stamping or drop forging.

Whether the modified machine just above referred to be employed or whether the matrix cutting machine more particularly described in the present case be used, it will be perceived that there is relative motion between the cutting tool and the matrix blank and that,.in either instance, the parts are so guided relatively as to regulate the" nite law or rule, which in the machine shown in the present drawings is that the bottom of the groove shall at all points be in a geometrical surface of double curvature such as has been described in detail hereinbefore. When the modified machine above referred to is employed, the bottom of the groove is situated in a cylindrical surface, as will be understood. It will be perceived that the final form of the type will depend upon this rule or law in part and partly on the way in which the matrix is impressed against the type blank. Thus in the specific form of the process more especially described in the present case, the cutting tool and the matrix blank are so guided as that the bottom of the -roove lies in the described surface of double curvature and when this matrix is rolled against the type blank by the means and in the manner set forth, the resulting type has a curved face lying in the surface of a cylinder. When the modified machine is used, the matrix groove has its bottom lying in a cylindrical surface and this matrix is intended to be pressed against the type blanks, not by a rolling motion, but by a straight motion as, for example, by ordinary stamping or drop forging. In this case also the resulting type has its face in the surface of a cylinder. Flat faced types can be produced by suitable modifications in the man ner of guiding the relative movement of the tool and the matrix blank and of the manner or .way in which the -matrix is im pressed against the type blank. In any event the face of the type which is the final product of the process, lies in a definite geometrical surface, such for example, in the instances mentioned, as a plane or a cylinder.

Heretofore, in producing master punches or matrices it has been found nearly impossible to space or position the two or more characters thereon with the exactness required, and hence when placed in a writing machine at least one of the letters has usually been found to be out of line, either vertically or sidewise, or both, or perhaps canted over,

rendering it necessary to file, cut, twist, bend, compress, expand and otherwise treat the type in order to get both letters in perfect alinement with the other types in the machine, and as such alterations in the type are diflicult to make and require special tools and appliances, as well as the utmost skill of a trained workman, the process has proved very costly. Particularly was this the case where special types were required for an existing writing machine. Such types were made by hand, without the use of master punches or dies. By my invention this difficulty is wholly avoided, and each character in the group is positioned with the utmost accuracy without the necessity of special training or skill on the part of the workman, so that the expense of alining the types on a writing machine is materially reduced. Heretofore, in making special types having a plurality of characters thereon, the usual appliances for making duplicate type faces could not be made available, and the types were necessarily hand-engraved in a.

laborious manner by a skilled mechanic. To illustrate, in the ordinary Remington writing machine the character .tl: is placed upon the same type with the figure 3, and if it should be desired to substitute a mark for the former, it would be necessary to engrave by hand both the and the 3 upon a single type-blank, to be placed directly in the writing machine. By my invention, a blank is placed in the blankholder, the usual pattern for the figure 3 is placed in the pattern-holder, and the character 3 is formed upon the blank in the described manner. Then the pattern is removed, the usual pattern for substituted, the blank shifted, and the character 53 formed thereon, bot-h characters being formed in absolutely correct position upon the blank, without requiring the services of either a trained mechanic or a skilled engraver.

Of course, the described apparatus and process are equally well adapted for making dies for single types or characters, and many changes may be made without departing from my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The process of forming types having curved faces, which consists in engraving in a matrix blank a matrix groove the cuts of which in one direction are curved with the curvature of the type face and the cuts of which in another direction are also curved, and then rolling said matrix against a type blank with a circular motion, the radius of curvature of which is equal to the radius of curvature of the cuts in the second mentioned direction.

2. The process of forming types having curved faces, which consists in engraving in a matrix blank a matrix groove the cuts of which in one direction are curved with the curvature of the type face and the cuts of which in another direction are also curved, then hardening said matrix, and then rolling said matrix against a type blank with a circular motion, the radius of curvature of which is equal to the radius of curvature of the cuts in the second mentioned direction.

3. The process of forming type having curved faces, which consists in engraving in a matrix blank a matrix groove, the cuts of which in one direction are curved with the curvature of the type face and the cuts of which in a direction at right angles to the first mentioned direction are also curved, and then rolling said matrix against a type blank with a circular motion the radius of which is equal to the radius of curvature of? one direction are curved with the curvature of the type face and the cuts of which in another direction are also curved.

5. The process of forming a matrix for the production of types by the rolling process which consists in engraving in a matrix blank a matrix groove, the cuts of which in one direction are curved with the curvature of the type face and the cuts of which in another direction are also curved, and then hardening said matrix.

6. The process of forming type having curved faces from a matrix with curved engraved grooves cut therein, the bottoms of said grooves in one direction being curved to correspond with the curvature of the type faces to be produced and the bottoms of said grooves in another direction being also curved, said process consisting in rolling the matrix against a type blank with a circular motion, the radius of curvature of which is equal to the radius of curvature of the cuts in the matrix in the second mentioned direction.

7. The process of forming types for typewriting or similar machines, which consists in cutting with a tool a matrix groove in a matrix blank, guiding the relative motion of said tool and blank so as to regulate the depth of the out groove and cause the bottom of said groove to lie in a definite geometrical surface, and then impressing said matrix against a type blank in such a way as to form a printing type whose printing face, formed by the bottom of said groove, lies in a definite geometrical surface.

8. The process of forming types for typewriting or similar machines, which consists in engraving by cutting with a tool a matrix groove in a matrix blank, guiding the relative motion of said tool and blank in such a way that the end of said tool forms the bottom of said groove in a definite geometrical surface within the blank the elements of which surface in one direction are convex, and then impressing said matrix against a type blank to produce a type having a printing face lying in a cylindrical geometrical surface whose elements in one direction have a concavity corresponding to the convexity of the elements first mentioned.

9. The process of forming types for type writing or similar machines, which consists in cutting with a tool a matrix groove ina matrix blank, guiding the relative motion of said tool and blank so as to regulate the depth of the cut groove and cause the bottom of said groove to lie in a definite geometrical surface, then hardening said matrix, and then impressing said matrix against a type blank in such a wayas to form a printing type whose printing face, formed-by the bottom of said groove, lies in a definite geometrical surface. r v

10. The process of forming types'for typewriting or similar machines, which consists in engraving by cutting'with a tool a matrix groove in a matrix blank, guiding the relative motion of said tool and blank in such a way that the end of said tool forms the bottom of said groove in a definite geometrical surface within the blank the elements of which surface in one direction are convex, then hardening said matrix, and then impressing said matrix against a type blank to produce a type having a printing face lying in a cylindrical geometrical surface whose elements in one d1rect1on have a concavity corresponding to the convexity of the ele- Louis. A. DISS.

Witnesses: I

C. J. I-IoUcn'roN, Roar. J .lVATsoN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. V 

